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House committees labored for months to draft the legislation. Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., wants to approve and send it to the Senate by Memorial Day.

Democrats say they will fight what House party leader Hakeem Jeffries of New York calls "this extreme and toxic bill."

Here's a look at what's in and out of the legislative package so far:

Tax cuts

The legislation contains more than $5 trillion in tax cuts, according to an estimate from the Joint Committee on Taxation.

Republicans seek to make permanent the individual income tax cuts passed in Trump's first term, plus enact some promises he made on the campaign trail. Republicans partially offset the tax breaks by rolling back clean energy tax credits passed during Joe Biden's presidency, such as a $7,500 tax credit for electric vehicles, bringing the overall cost of the tax cuts down to about $3.7 trillion.

The bill is expected to undergo further changes in coming weeks. Lawmakers from New York are leading an effort to boost the state and local tax deduction, which the bill already would increase from $10,000 to $30,000 for families making less than $400,000 per year.

The legislation provides a deduction for workers in service industry and other jobs that traditionally rely on tips.

The package provides tax relief for automobile shoppers with a temporary deduction of up to $10,000 on car loan interest, applying the benefit only for those vehicles where the final assembly occurred in the United States.

For seniors, there would be a bolstered $4,000 deduction on Social Security wages for those with adjusted incomes no higher than $75,000 for individuals and $150,000 for couples.

Food assistance

House Republicans seek to shift 5% of Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program benefits costs to states beginning in fiscal year 2028. The share could go higher for states with high rates of overpayments and underpayments. The bill also would require states to pick up 75% of SNAP administrative costs.

Currently, states shoulder none of the benefit costs and half of the administration costs.

Republicans also seek to expand work requirements for recipients, which under current law applies to individuals without dependents aged 18-54. The bill expands the work requirement through age 64 and exempts only those caring for a dependent child under the age of 7.

The legislation would invest $60 billion in new money for agriculture programs.

New work requirements for Medicaid

A centerpiece of the package is more than $900 billion in reduced spending, mostly through the Medicaid program.

Republicans insist they are rooting out "waste, fraud and abuse" to generate savings with new work and eligibility requirements. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated the proposals would reduce the number of people with health care by 8.6 million.

There would be new "community engagement requirements" of at least 80 hours per month of work, education or service for able-bodied adults without dependents. People also would have to verify their eligibility twice a year, rather than just once.

Applicants could not qualify for Medicaid if they have a home valued at more than $1 million.

Immigration

The package would provide $46.5 billion for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border, and $4 billion to hire 3,000 new Border Patrol agents as well as 5,000 new customs officers, and $2.1 billion for signing and retention bonuses.

All told, the Homeland Security Committee approved $69 billion in new spending.

The package would impose a $1,000 fee on migrants seeking asylum. More new fees are proposed on various other legal paths to entry, including a $3,500 fee for those sponsoring unaccompanied children to enter the U.S., a $2,500 penalty if sponsors of unaccompanied children skip court appearances and a $1,000 fee for individuals paroled into the U.S.

The plan is to remove 1 million immigrants annually and house 100,000 people in detention centers. It calls for 10,000 more Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers and investigators.

Defense

The House Armed Services Committee passed a bill with $150 billion for the Defense Department and national security.

Among the highlights, it would provide $25 billion for a long-envisioned missile defense shield, $21 billion to restock the nation's ammunition arsenal, $34 billion to expand the naval fleet with more shipbuilding and some $5 billion for border security.

It also includes $9 billion for service member quality-of-life issues.

Student loans

Revamping the student loan program is key to the legislation, providing $330 billion in budget cuts and savings.

The proposal would replace all existing student loan repayment plans with just two: a standard option with monthly payments spread out over 10 to 25 years, depending on the amount borrowed, and a "repayment assistance" plan with monthly payments based on a borrower's income.

Minimum payments for the lowest-income borrowers would be higher than current income-based plans, and forgiveness would be provided after 30 years of payments instead of 20 or 25.

The bill also would repeal regulations that made it easier for borrowers to get loan debt canceled if colleges defrauded them or closed suddenly.

Pension cuts

The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform targeted federal workers' pensions for a projected $50.9 billion in deficit savings over 10 years.

Most of the savings would come from requiring federal workers hired before 2014 to pay more into the retirement system. They would have to match the 4.4% salary rate paid by federal workers hired since 2014.

The committee also called for basing a retiree's annuity payment on their average top five earning years instead of the top three. A temporary, supplemental payment for federal workers who retire before they are eligible for Social Security would be eliminated.

Drilling, mining

One section of the bill would allow increased leasing of public lands for drilling, mining and logging while clearing the path for more development by speeding up government approvals. Royalty rates paid by companies to extract oil, gas and coal would be cut, reversing Biden's attempts to curb fossil fuels to help address climate change.

Republican supporters say the lost revenue would be offset by increased development.

The measure calls for four oil and gas lease sales in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge over the next decade. It also seeks to boost the ailing coal industry with a mandate to make available for leasing 6,250 square miles of public lands.

It's uncertain if companies would have an appetite for leases given the industry's precipitous decline in recent years.

Republicans also included a provision authorizing the sale of hundreds of thousands of acres of public lands in Nevada and Utah.